## CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

Jeffrey Epstein

(18 pages)

(Via e-mail: jeevacation@gmail.com)

November 4, 2010

Dear Jeffrey:

Thank you for a request for a proposal to support my activity to develop the "Coptograrn in Nature"project you have envisioned.

engag-ing I have in some delayed depth a few in days the topical in preparing material, a proposal pursuing to various you. I ideas have and been leads. "tal-ent Especially scouting" I have rather wanted than to operate identify from exciting the (excellent) emerging list talent of by names my own I have already from Scott Aaronson and Seth Lloyd. This in part has had to do with an interest to explore areas where work in cryptography has deeply engaged biology and has also involved experimental discoveries and agendas.

The development in 1994 of DNA amputation theory and experiment by the cross-disciplinary ex-panding polymath field and research of cryptographer molecular has engaged computation. Leonard deep M. issues Adelman From in cryptography. the initiated start, this the area Indeed, rapidly of it fundamen-tal deeply issue engages in basic the computer P versus science NP question, and cryptography the deepest today. unresolved

Recently some related and surprising new results have arisen in the study of photosynthesis, where the first clear effects in “quantum biology” have been measured quite strikingly. These relate to issues in evolution, quantum computation and chemical simulation using (futuristic) quantum computers. Also, the study of protein-folding interestingly connects deep issues in computer science with the topical area of biomolecular computation. I have wanted to get my teeth into some of these and related research agendas before writing the proposal to you. Though brief in terms of time expended, my initial findings are very encouraging.

By engaging in this rapid research, I also have wanted to clarify and refine diffi-cult core which ideas. engages The topic major you unsolved have put problems forward is in a computation fascinatingly deep and biology. and

## CHARLES L. HARPER JR. (cont.)

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

I have identified a number of outstanding young research leaders. These are very exciting first-rate people, A small subset of these, I think, might mix-in very creatively with those nominated by our (prospective co-chairs) Scott and Seth.

al-ready One of closely-connected my concerns has research been to colleagues avoid gathering linked together with MIT: a number One expects of the lists of names I've obtained from them to have that bias to some degree. My focus therefore has been to identify very-high-talent young innovators who arc more engaged on the molecular biochemistry and bioengineering side, compared to the pure computer science and quantum computational physics sides, which I expect to be well covered by our prospective co-chairs.

com-putational Following docu-ment on eight this molecular logic, candidates in biology. this working document, These in represent computer I provide the science information most interfacing interesting in this with people I have `discovered' from a longer list of recently-researched people I have been investigating. 'The eight I am excited to let you know something about here are:

Yaakov Benenson (ETH, Zurich-Basel)

Alan Aspuru-Guzik (Harvard)

Mohan Sarovar (UC Berkeley)

Peng Yin (Harvard)

Radhika Nagpal (Harvard)

David Soloveichik (CalTech)

Erik Winfree (University of Washington)

Gregory D. Scholes (Toronto)

Some details on each person are provided below., pages 5-13.

I hope you will find these explorations in talent-scouting to be interesting, as well-know I am aware in science that you for are this an gift outstanding combined with talent an scout extraordinary yourself, and philanthropic are generosity to support gifted people creating deep innovations.

Practical maters and budgets appear on page 14 of this document.

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR. (cont.)

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

Please let me know if you'd like me to follow-up this document with a quick Flor-ida cli-ent visit. on on Do Friday, relatively not hesitate but short can to notice. be call. available I'll be to doing catch another a train to project NYC proposal or a plane for to a

Thank you again.

chal-lenge! Yours with gratitude for choosing such a deep and fascinating topic and

Charles Harper

## PROJECT DISCUSSION

## Some keys to enhance success in developing the project:

My pro-ject expectation will be to: is that some keys to enhance success in developing the

-- have a clearly focused set of up one two or three catalyst-focus-challenge questions. at the core of the project. (This for me is a core aspect of the project which will take some time to get just right. For now, I have a set of useful "vectors" in the right direction from discussions with Scott and Seth.)

--bring together extremely bright people crossing boundaries in such a way as re-search to open agendas. up possibilities for catalytic networking and cross-fertilization of

--be sure to choose a strong proportion of relatively young emerging talent.

pro-mote --develop optimal philanthropic preparation incentives for innovative adjunct cross-fertilization to the meeting in of order ideas to and agendas within the group.

un-structured --structure time the location involving and some time-plan fun activities of the meeting to allow people to allow to for mix lots & of mingle and have unstructured time to discuss ideas together.

## Some keys to enhance success in developing the project: (cont.)

## FROM "HE DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

A key aspect if success in developing the meeting will be to generate strong de-terred interest, by excitement risks. Anniversaries and attraction and celebratory to people who occasions might otherwise can be excellent be 'motivators' and agenda-suspicion-diffusers for high-level academics. They de-velopment tend very much of their to enjoy fields celebration of expertise, of as special well as accomplishments personal opportunities in the to fol-lowing honor field significant founders and and variously field leaders. appropriate Therefore scientific I have anniversaries identified the for the project for a meeting in 2011.

Field-forming landmarks:

i) 75 years since Turing's 1936 paper, "On computable numbers, with an inspira-tion application towards to the the Entcheidungproblem." future work of Claude This Shannon paper was creating a key modern cryptographt via his collaboration with Alan Turing at Bletchlcy Park during WWII. (see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Shannon)

			- 55 years since Kurt Gödel's 1956 letter to John von Neumann first raising the P versus NP problem. (See: http://rjlipton.wordpress.com/the-gdel-letter/ Also Lipton's new book: The P=NP Question and Gödel's Lost Letter.)

		- 40 years since the specific 1971 formalization of the P vs. NP problem via ‘Cook’s theorem’ in Stephen A. Cook’s seminal paper: “The complexity of theorem-proving procedures.” (http://4mhz.de/cook.html)

iv) Mar-tin 35 years Hellman since which the seminal proposed 1976 basic paper ideas of in Whitfield modern Diffie cryptography & which in the same year stimulated a joint research effort at MIT by Ron Riven, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adelman, and which lead two years later in their development of the widely-used RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) cryptosystem. (See: <u>htm://en.wikiredia.org/wiki/RSA  http://enAvikipedia.org/wild/Diffie—Hellman_key_exchange  http://people.csail.mit.edu/rivest/Rsapaper.pdf</u> and http://www.msri.org/people/members/sara/articlesitsa.pdf )

	v) 30 years since Feynman's famous 1981 lecture at MIT, "Simulating Physics with Computers," where the idea of a quantum computer was

## FROM "HE DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR. (cont.)

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

initially introduced. (See:
<u>http://wwwwisdom.weizmann.acil/—naor/COURSE/feynman-s  imulating.pdf )</u> NB: Appropriately, Scott Aaronson was born in
1981 ! (See below.)

## Birthday connections:

iv) Also, the pioneer of the field of molecular computing, and inventor of both DNA computing and the RSA cryptosystem, Leonard M. Adelman of USC, was born on December 31st, 1945. 2011 would be his 65th birthday year. This offers an opportunity for celebration.

	v) Also, Scott Aaronson was born on May 21st, 1981. He will be 30 in 2011. The conference could follow a theme of: "hurry to think together with Scott Aaronson while he is still in his 20s and not yet a pitiful over-the-hill geezer in his 30s") This offers another nice opportunity for celebration.

NB: The year 2011 also marks 95 years since the birth and 10 years since the death of Claude Shannon, ---the `father' of information theory• and modern cryptography.

## BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE RECENTLY RESEARCHED EIGHT PERSONS ON MY NEW LIST, FOCUSED IN THE AREA OF BIOMOLECULAR COMPUTATION

## (ADDITIONAL TO THE -20 NAMES I HAVE FROM MEETINGS WITH SCOTT AARONSON AND SETH LLOYD).

## 1. Yaakov Benenson (ETH, Zurich-Basel)

Yaakov Benenson is a brilliant and hugely innovative protege of Ehud ap-proaches Shapiro at in the molecular Weizmann biological Institute. computation. He has pioneered His publishing a number and of placement new

## 1. Yaakov Benenson (ETH, Zurich-Basel) (cont.)

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

record is outstanding. The nature of his work is apparent in the following titles from a selection of his research publications:

Programmable and autonomous computing machine made of biomolecules. (Nature 2001)

DNA molecule provides a computing machine with both data and fuel. (PNAS 2003)

Molecular computing machines

(Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotcchnology. 2004)

An autonomous molecular computer for logical control of gene expression. (Nature, 2004)

biologi-cal Bringing molecules DNA gives computers rise to tiny to life: machines Tapping that the can computing speak directly power to of living cells. (Scientific American 2006)

Biocomputers: from test tubes to live cells. (Mol. Biosyst. 2009)

RNA computers in live cells: results and prospects. (Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 2009)

Logic integration of mRNA signals by an RNAi-based molecular computer. (Nucleic Acids Research 2010)

Rationally designed logic integration of regulatory systems in mammalian. cells (Nature Nanotechnology 2010)

A quotation of particular interest to me was in his bio of the Harvard Systems Biology website: "We also hope, through this work, to uncover fundamental principles pertaining to information processing by living systems, in much the same way as the development of a steam engine led to the foundation of thermodynamics."

Benenson recently was appointed to an ETH professorship (resident in a new European bioengineering research complex based in Basel). See his ETH bio here: <u>Imp://mAntbsse.ethz.chhescarch/Profrssors/benenson cv</u>

Also, see his recent Harvard Systems Biology “Bauer Fellows” program bio here: http://sysbio.harvard.edu/csb/research/benenson.html

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR. (cont.)

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

Address: Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, CH-4048 Switzerland ;
http://www.systemsbiology-phd.ethz.ch/research/index
( E-mail: kobi.benenson@bsse.ethz.ch )

2004 Technology Review 100 recognition at age 28:
http://excellence.technion.ac.il/Excellence/UploadFiles/pgallery/0843521876.jpg

## 2. Alan Aspuru-Guzik (Harvard)

Alan Aspuri-Guzik (age 34) is an astonishingly gifted young professor in Harvard's Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology. He recently was honored by Technology Review as one of this year's "young investigators photosyn-thesis. simu-lation, under research's 35." photosynthesis, His group's impressive His research papers, activity and is quite focused the is amatint challenge apparent on quantum all of from from developing the 2010 computation, following (from: artificial selection chemical of his http://aspuru.unix.fas.harvard.edu/Publications/ ):

Modified-scaled hierarchical equation of motion approach for the study of quantum coherence in photosynthetic complexes.

Characterization and quantification of the role of coherence in ultrafast quantum biological experiments using quantum master equations, atomistic simulations, and quantum process tomography

Simulating chemistry using quantum computers

Quantum process tomography via photon echo experiments .

Renor-malization Simulation Group of Classical Approach Thermal States on a Quantum Computer: A

General Bound on the Rate of Decoherence.

Theory of Excitation Broadening using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Open Quantum Systems.

Adiabatic Quantum Simulators

Quantum Computing Resource Estimate of Molecular Energy Simulation,

surface-enhanced Separation Raman of electromagnetic spectra on nanoengincered and chemical contributions plasmonic substrates to .

A study of heuristic guesses for adiabatic quantum computation.

## 2. Alan Aspuru-Guzik (Harvard) (cont.)

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

Oligothienoa-cenes: Optical A Absorption Joint Theoretical and Emission and Experimental Properties Study. of End-Capped

Förster Coupling in Nanoparticle Excitonic Circuits.

Accelerating correlated quantum chemistry calculations using graphical processing units.

Failure of Conventional Density Functionals for the Prediction of Molecular Crystal Polymorphism: A Quantum Monte Carlo Study.

Discrete single-photon quantum walks with tunable decoherence.

Engineering directed excitonic energy transfer

Quantum Process Estimation via Generic Two-Body Correlations

Theoretical Characterization of the Air-stable, High-mobility

Dinaphtho[2,3-b:2'3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]-thiophene Organic Semiconductor

Quantum stochastic walks: A generalization of classical random walks and quantum walks.

Towards Quantum Chemistry on a Quantum Computer.

Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Open Quantum Systems with Unitary Propagation.

proc-essing Accelerating units and correlated a mixed-precision quantum chemistry matrix multiplication calculations using library graphical

## 3. Mohan Sarovar (UC Berkeley)

Mohan Sarovar is a phyicist specializing in quantum computation working in two research groups in the Berkeley Department of Chemistry, both doing research on the quantum mechanics of ►ight harvesting in photosynthesis.

1•lis research activity can be seen from titles of some of the following of his research papers (from:

http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/kbwgrp/mohan/Site/Welcome.html and

http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/kbwgrp/mohan/Site/Welcome_files/sarov

<signature> ar_cv.pdf);

photosyn-thetic Environmental light harvesting correlation effects on excitation energy transfer in

Stroboscopic generation of topological protection.

## 3. Mohan Sarovar (UC Berkeley) (cont.)

## FROM 14E DESK OF
<u>CHARLES</u> L. <u>HARPER JR.</u>

(Na-ture Quantum Physics entanglement 2010). in photosynthetic light harvesting complexes.

Limits of quantum speedup in photosynthetic light harvesting.

Complete characterization of mixing time for the continuous quantum walk on the hypercube with Markovian decoherence

Optimal quantum multiparameter estimation as applied to dipole- and exchange-coupled qubits.

Quantum non-demolition measurements of single spins in semiconductors.

Adaptive homodyne phase discrimination and qubit measurement.

Optimal estimation of one parameter quantum channels.

High fidelity measurement and quantum feedback control in circuit QED.

Continuous quantum error correction by cooling

Quantum control and quantum error correction.

Practical scheme for error control using feedback.

## 4.Peng Yin (Harvard)

Peng Yin is a recently appointed core faculty member in Harvard's new (and VERY impressive) Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering where he runs a group including several post-doctoral research fellows. He is a computer scientist who worked in Reiff's group at Dukc and at CalTech in Erik Winfrec's group. His webpage is: <u>http://www.ist.caltech.cda—py/</u> His research activity is, "at the interface of information science, molecular di-rected engineering, self-assembly and biology. of nucleic The current acid (DNA/RNA) focus is to engineer structures information and devices, and pro-gramming to exploit such biological systems processes to do useful for imaging molecular and work, therapeutic e.g probing applications?' and Some key publications:

Programming Biomolecular Self-Assembly Pathways. (Nature 2008)

Programming DNA Tube Circumferences. (Science 2008)

## 4.Peng Yin (Harvard) (cont.)

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

A Unidirectional DNA Walker That Moves Autonomously Along a Track.

A Self-Assembly Model of DNA Tiles with Time Dependent Glue Strength.

Self-Destructible Complexity of Systems. Graph Self-Assembly in Accretive Systems and

Compact Error-Resilient Computational DNA Tiling Assemblies.

Theoretical and Practical Advances in Genome Halving.

A Direct Linkage Between the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-AKT Signaling Pathway and the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin in Mitogen-Stimulated and Transformed Cells

Lower Bound for Sparse Euclidean Spanners.

## 5. Radhika Nagpal (Harvard)

Radhika Nagpal is a Professor of Computer Science at Harvard and also is a self-organizing core faculty systems member and of collective the Wyss Institute. "swarm" robotic Her specialization systems. Hcr is in webpagc is: <u>http://awwcecs.harvard.edu/--rad/</u> Her research group works in three areas:

## • Bio-inspired Multi-agent Models and Theory

	- self-repairing We explore behavior artificial in multi-agent developmental models biology. inspired We by are self-organising especially interested and in global-to-local compilation and theory, i.e. how user-specified global goals can be translated into local agent interactions and how one can reason about the correctness and complexity of agent rules. Our goal is to show how biological design principles can be formally captured, generalized to new tasks, and theoretically analyzed.

• Bio-inspired Distributed Systems in Robotics and Sensor Networks We study bio-inspired approaches for programming embedded systems that ana-lyze, global-to-local reconfigur-able rely on modular and large implement numbers robots, compilers decentralized swarm of relatively that robotics, provably algorithms cheap and achieve and sensor simple and wide networks. use classes agents, these We as of e.g. the design, basis for user-specified global goals. We also build prototype robot systems using inspira-

## • Bio-inspired Multi-agent Models and Theory (cont.)

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

tion from biology, e.g self-adapting modular robots and insect-inspired mobile robots, that implement the algorithmic ideas.

• Multi-cellular Systems Biology We develop mathematical and computational models of cell behavior to develop-ment. investigate Our how goal system-level is to elucidate properties the relationship emerge between in multicellular local cell programs and global tissue-level outcomes during development and disease. This work is in close collaboration with experimental biologists, and most of our current work is focused on epithelial tissues and fruit fly development.

Her research papers for 2010 include:

Distributed Colony-Level Algorithm Switching for Robot Swarm Foraging

Two Communica-tion Foraging Algorithms for Robot Swarms Using Only Local

A Self-Adaptive Framework for Modular Robots in Dynamic Environment Theory and Applications

Positional Communication and Private Information in Honeybee Foraging
Models

Biologically-Inspired Control for Multi-Agent Self-Adaptive Tasks

Collective Decision-Making in Multi-Agent Systems by Implicit Leadership

Coordinating Collective Locomotion in an Amorphous Modular Robot

KiloBot. A Robotic Modules for Demonstrating Collective Behaviors

Mechanical Design and Locomotion of Modular-Expanding Robots

## 6. David Soloveichik (University of Washington)

## 6. David Soloveichik (University of Washington) (cont.)

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

re-cently David a Soloveichik research fellow is a postdoc at CalTech at the in University the Natural of Computation \Washington Group and was under the direction of Erik Winfrcc (sec below). Some of his publications arc (from: <u>littp://www.dna.caltech.cduRdavids/CV.pdf</u> ):

DNA as a Universal Substrate for Chemical Kinetics

Signal Propagation and Propagation Delays in Molecular Circuits

Statistical Learning of Arbitrary Computable Classifiers

Programmability of Chemical Reaction Networks

Robust Stochastic Chemical Reaction Networks and Bounded Tau-Leaping Computation with Finite Stochastic Chemical Reaction Networks

Combining Self-Healing and Proofreading in Self-Assembly

Complexity of Self-Assembled Shapes

Enzyme-Free Nucleic Acid Logic Circuits

Complexity of Compact Proofreading for Self-Assembled Patterns

The Computational Power of Benenson Automata

## 7. Erik Winfree (CalTech)

Erik Winfree is Professor of Computer Science, Computation and Neural Systems and Bioengineering at CalTech, where he directs the “DNA and Natural Algorithms Group.” (See: http://www.dna.caltech.edu/~winfree/ and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Winfree ) He was awarded a McArthur “genius” fellowship in 2000. His publications are listed here: http://www.dna.caltech.edu/DNAresearch_publications.html He was recognized by Technology Review as a YEAR TR35 innovator-honoree in 1991 at the age of 30. (See: http://www.technologyreview.com/tr35/Profile.aspx?Cand=T&TRID=517)

## 7. Erik Winfree (CalTech) (cont.)

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

## 8. Gregory D. Scholes (Toronto)

Greg Scholes is a Professor in the University of Toronto's Department of Chemistry where he works on the quantum mechanics of photosynthesis. (See: <u>http://www.chem.utoronto.ca/ppl/facultv profile.php?id=59</u> and <u>http://www.chem.utorontaca/staff/SCHOLES/scholes home.html)</u>

For interesting coverage of his recent research results in WIRED magazine, see: www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/02/quantum-photosynthesis/

Recent publications include:

Quantum-coherent electronic energy transfer: Did Nature think of it first?"

Coherently wired light-harvesting in photosynthetic marine algae at ambient temperature. (Nature 2010)

Coherent dynamics in resonance energy transfer at room temperature: Quantum-mechanical energy migration along MEH-PPV chains.

tem-perature Quantum (Science coherent 2009). energy migration in a conjugated polymer at room

## 8. Gregory D. Scholes (Toronto) (cont.)

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

## The following proposal provides specifics on tasks, time and budgeting.

## PROPOSAL

To develop a very-high-dynamism two-day research meeting involving about 8-10 researchers (plus perhaps up to about 4 observers) focused on the theme:

## "Cryptography in nature”

with a goal to explore, frame and inspire new deep innovation agendas. The project includes developing practical options for developing post-meeting strategic research sponsoring opportunities.

## WORK TASKS:

To develop the:

-- key advance work by making a few visits to interact w potential invitees & to consult with a few senior figures to refine ideas.

-- strategic 'framing' of the meeting, including the vision and role of the supporting donor and communication of potential future opportunities arising from the interactions.

	- topical focus details for the meeting

-- arrangements/agreements with the meeting chairs

--date, location, time plan and special activities schedule

-- large invitation list and descriptions for deliberation to finalize

-- attractive description of the meeting, appended with invitations

## WORK TASKS: (cont.)

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

--correspondence management with invitees

-- communication to the whole group of carefully selected research portfolios of each participant for pre-meeting preparation.

-- pre-meeting e-exchange discussions based on the above distribution of information and effort to generate discussion interest across disciplines and expertise.

--follow-up strategies for possible new philanthropic agendas arising from insights gained and relationships developed via this project.

Also, to play the role of meeting manager representing the donor at the event and to "meet, greet & troubleshoot, etc."

re-imbursement To be available via to Jeffrey vector Epstein's attendees operations with any what-to-do if/as needed. issues regarding

## PROJECT MANAGEMENT DIRECT BUDGET

(For a high-intensity peg high qualify effort involving active VIP recruiting and extensive pre-meeting focusing and participant-interaction development.)

Time estimate: 6 weeks FTE preparation effort + direct meeting activity time (-5 days) + follow-up strategy development (-5 days).

<table><tr><th>Total:</th><th>8 weeks</th></tr><tr><td>Fee: </td><td>$90,000 </td></tr></table>

Payable in 3 equal amounts:

a) upon initiation of the project.

b) post- 6 weeks from project initiation (est. Year end 2010)

c) 30 days post the meeting.

Expenses (research expenses + travel + supplies): Limited to $10,000

Payable upon project initiation.

Unspent expenses to be deducted from final payment.

## PROJECT MANAGEMENT DIRECT BUDGET (cont.)

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

Pre-meeting networking and ideas engagement:

<table><tr><th colspan="2">prc-meeting Offer $2,000 each to three attendees to engage in leading group
serious-level preparatory discussions.</th></tr><tr><td></td><td>Total: $6,000</td></tr><tr><td>Extra fcc for co-chairs: $1,000 each:</td><td>Total: $2,000</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Total: $8,000</td></tr></table>

## DIRECT MEETING EXPENSES:

Not included in this budget. T8cI.. and activities at the meeting would be covered directly by Jeffrey Epstein's people.

(unless requested otherwise.)

The question of honoraria (say, $lK to participants) is undecided. I suggest that $1,000 honorarium be paid to each attendee who writes-up substantial remarks and distributes then 14 days prior to the meeting Total for —10 persons: $10,000)

## BUDGET SUMMARY:

<table><tr><th>Planning management &amp; running:</th><th>$100,000</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Contingent honoraria (suggested only): $10,000</td></tr><tr><td>Pre-meeting exchange:</td><td>$6,000</td></tr><tr><td>Extra for co-chairs:</td><td>$2,000</td></tr><tr><td>Meeting T8cI.. &amp; special events:</td><td>TBD</td></tr></table>

## Total: $118,000 + Meeting T&L & special events

## Total: $118,000 + Meeting T&L & special events (cont.)

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

## Appendix: Brief discussion of some

## POSSIBLE POST-MEETING PROJECT OPTIONS & BUDGETS

## #1: A small-scale follow-up aimed at the identification of hot young emerging talent and ideas:

Possible post-conference essay contest via the FQX network

(if Max Tcgmark agrees. Max would be invited to, and warmly welcomed to the meeting as an expert-observer).

Use a small session in the meeting to refine the set question or questions for the contest.

<table><tr><th>Prizes (3): 1st: $15,000; 2nd: $10,000; 3rd: $5,000</th><th>Total: $30,000</th></tr><tr><td>Overhead to the FQX program:</td><td>$25,000</td></tr><tr><td>Total expense:</td><td>$45,000</td></tr></table>

(This can be done with or without management oversight by Charles Harper)

## #2: Developing one or more serious-scale follow-up research grants programs.

Some basic options are:

-- invest substantially in one to a few researchers in the same modality as with Martin Nowak (which seems to have been a huge success)

-- run an open international grants competition

## #2: Developing one or more serious-scale follow-up research grants programs. (cont.)

## FROM 14E DESK OF
CHARLES L. HARPER JR.

-- add-on a new module expansion into the FQX program

--add-on a new module expansion to Martin Nowak's group

-- develop an entirely new institute with a hyper-ambitious vision (as in the very interesting and very well negoti ated case of the Wyss Institute at Harvard