<table><tr><th>From:</th><th>Joscha Bach</th></tr><tr><td>Sent:</td><td>Friday, June 5, 2015 3:36 AM</td></tr><tr><td>To:</td><td>Jeffrey Epstein; Martin Nowak</td></tr><tr><td>Subject:</td><td>Mobjects and Replisomes</td></tr><tr><td>Attachments:</td><td>signature.asc</td></tr></table>

Dear Jeffrey,

thank you for an inspiring afternoon! I believe that the 'mobjects' that =ou have been talking about are going to become a very hot topic. They =ust be above the level of neurons, and below, or orthogonal to most =echanisms of language. Mathematically, we can probably treat them as =irected hypergraphs with typed links, but we rarely go to that level of =escription. I guess that Carnap and Tarski delivered the first =ncarnations of the modern theories on them, and every comprehensive =heory of thinking, planning and language has to account for them, and =et our understanding is preliminary. In AI, we got Schank's schemas, =cripts and MOPs, which resulted in Minsky's descriptions of frames, =hich in turn probably informed Danny Hillis' work on concept net (which =s now the foundation of Google's knowledge graph). Jeff Hinton is =urrently talking about "capsules" that are artificial neural =mplementations of mobjects, and Markram has been trying to go after =hem by modeling neural columns. In MicroPsi, I call them concept nodes, =n OpenCog, they are the elements of the AtomTable, and John Anderson =alks about chunks. I would be very interested to learn about Noam's =deal; I sense that he is mostly familiar with approaches like =inston's, who uses symbolic approximations?

Hope that it continues soon!

Joscha

Dear Martin,

perhaps you will like this lesser-known Bjark video (I discovered =t Sunday at the MoMa). It is part of her "biophilia" album, and travels =n a stepwise order-of-magnitude enlargement into the molecular =echanisms of cellular replication; the song is inspired by the thought =f individuals representing parts of a lineage, both on the cellular and =he organismic level. To me, the animation is one of the most beautiful =nd enlightening ones that I have seen on the topic, especially =onsidering its short duration.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wa1A0pPc-ik

Nucleosomes start at about 1:40, halfway through the video, a groove =rotein travels along a strand of DNA, and beginning from 3:05, there is = phantastically animated replisome. I wished I could get the animator =Drew Berry) to do a similar thing that elucidates neural networks...= Cheers,

Joscha