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| DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE |
| FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS|
| QUI PRO DOMINA JUSTITIA SEQUITUR|
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# FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS

Inmate Participation in Drug Treatment Programs vs. Staffing Levels

August 2025

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# Table of Contents

- 1 | Executive Summary

- Inmate Participation in Drug Treatment Programs vs. Total Number of 2 BOP Employees Including the total number of inmates in all drug treatment programs and the following individualprograms: Drug Education Program, Residential Drug Abuse Program (RDAP), Non-Residential Drug Abuse Program (NRDAP), Community Treatment Program, and Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) Program.

- Inmate Participation in Drug Treatment Programs vs. Filled First Step Act 3 (FSA) Positions Including the total number of inmates in all drug treatment programs and the following individualprograms: Drug Education Program, RDAP, NRDAP, Community Treatment Program, and MAT Program.

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# Executive Summary

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## Executive Summary

This analysis, conducted in response to GAO Priority Recommendation 2*, examines the correlation between inmate participation in drug treatment programs and staffing levels from FY2021 to FY2024. This analysis examines (1) the correlation between inmate participation in drug treatment programs and the total number of BOP employees, and (2) the correlation between inmate participation in drug treatment programs and the number of filled FSA positions. Findings reflect correlation only and do not imply causation.

## Key Insights

[ ]

## Total Number of BOP Employees

• No correlation between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in all drug treatment programs.

• No correlation between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in individual drug treatment programs.**

•  •

## Number of Filled FSA Positions

• No correlation between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates • No correlation between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in the Drug Education Program, RDAP, or Community Treatment programs.

• Moderate correlation between the number of filled FSA positions and the total number of inmates participating in all drug treatment programs.

• Moderate correlation between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in NRDAP.

• Strong correlation between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in the MAT Program.

There is no trend indicating
that changes in the number
of BOP employees affect
inmate participation in
drug treatment programs.

This indicates that increases
in filled FSA positions are
generally associated with
higher inmate participation
in certain drug treatment
programs, though other
factors may also play a role.

*GAO Priority RocommPndation 2: "The Director of BOP should develop and implement a plan for analyzing data to help identify and address the causes and potential impacts of staffing challenges on staff and inmates" 4 **Individual drug treatment programs include the following: Drug Education Program, RDAP, NRDAP, Community Treatment Program, and MAT Program.

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# Inmate Participation in Drug Treatment Programs vs. Total Number of BOP Employees

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# Total Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs vs. Total BOP Employees

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number BOP employees and the total number of inmates participating in all drug treatment programs. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the total number of inmates participating in drug treatment programs.

Total Number of Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs vs. Total Number of BOP Employees

| Fiscal Year | Total Number of Inmates in Drug Treatment Programs | Total Number of BOP Employees (Year‑End) |
|-------------|----------------------------------------------------:|------------------------------------------:|
| 2021        | 55,265                                             | 37,312                                    |
| 2022        | 27,704                                             | 35,387                                    |
| 2023        | 75,246                                             | 35,001                                    |
| 2024        | 79,690                                             | 35,940                                    |

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.002 indicating that the total number of SOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in drug treatment programs. To show a strong impact, data standards require R2 > 0.50.

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## Inmates in Drug Education Program vs. Total BOP Employees

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number of BOP employees and the total number of inmates participating in the Drug Education Program. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the number of inmates participating in the Drug Education Program.

## Number of Inmates in Drug Education Program vs. Total Number of BOP Employees

| Fiscal Year | Number of Inmates in Drug Education Program | Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End) |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 19,378 | 37,312 |
| 2022 | 8,749 | 35,387 |
| 2023 | 26,958 | 35,001 |
| 2024 | 22,406 | 35,940 |

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.003 indicating that the total number of SOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in the Drug Education Program. To show a strong impact, data standards require R2 >0.50.

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## Inmates in RDAP vs. Total BOP Employees

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in RDAP. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the number of inmates participating in RDAP.

## Number of Inmates in RDAP vs. Total Number of BOP Employees

| Fiscal Year | Number of Inmates in Residential Drug Abuse Program | Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End) |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 10,465 | 37,312 |
| 2022 | 6,640 | 35,387 |
| 2023 | 12,170 | 35,001 |
| 2024 | 12,027 | 35,940 |

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.004 indicating that the total number of BOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in RDAP. To show a strong impact, data standards require R2 > 0.50.

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## Inmates in NRDAP vs. Total BOP Employees

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in NRDAP. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the number of inmates participating in NRDAP.

## Number of Inmates in NRDAP vs. Total Number of BOP Employees

| Fiscal Year | Number of Inmates in Non-Residential Drug Abuse Program | Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End) |
|---|---:|---:|
| 2021 | 13,570 | 37,312 |
| 2022 | 7,891 | 35,387 |
| 2023 | 20,993 | 35,001 |
| 2024 | 21,166 | 35,940 |

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.03 indicating that the total number of BOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in the NRDAP. To show a strong impact, data standards require R2 > 0.50.

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## Inmates in Community Treatment Program vs. Total BOP Employees

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in the Community Treatment Program. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the number of inmates participating in the Community Treatment Program.

Number of Inmates in Community Treatment Program vs. Total Number of BOP Employees

Number of Inmates in Community Treatment Program vs. Total Number of BOP Employees

| Fiscal Year | Number of Inmates in Community Treatment Program | Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End) |
|-------------|--------------------------------------------------:|-----------------------------------------:|
| 2021        | 11,852                                           | 37,312                                   |
| 2022        | 4,424                                            | 35,387                                   |
| 2023        | 13,149                                           | 35,001                                   |
| 2024        | 14,944                                           | 35,940                                   |

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.02 indicating that the total number of BOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in the Community Treatment Program. To show a strong impact, data standards require R2 >0.50.

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## Inmates in MAT Program vs. Total BOP Employees

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in the MAT Program. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the number of inmates participating in the MAT Program.

Number of Inmates in MAT Program vs. Total Number of BOP Employees

| Fiscal Year | Number of Inmates in Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) Program | Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End) |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 246 | 37,312 |
| 2022 | 3,208 | 35,387 |
| 2023 | 4,936 | 35,001 |
| 2024 | 9,136 | 35,940 |


*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.21 indicating that the total number of BOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in the MAT Program. To show a strong impact, data standards require R2 > 050.

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# Inmate Participation in Drug Treatment Programs vs. Filled FSA Positions

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## Total Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs vs. Filled FSA Positions

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows a moderate correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the total number of inmates participating in all drug treatment programs. As the number of filled FSA positions increases, the total number of inmates participating in all drug treatment programs tends to increase but may be influenced by additional factors.

Total Number of Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions

| Fiscal Year | Total Number of Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs | Number of Filled FSA Positions |
|---:|---:|---:|
| 2021 | 55,265 | 111 |
| 2022 | 27,704 | 248 |
| 2023 | 75,246 | 338 |
| 2024 | 79,690 | 669 |

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.39 indicating that the number of filled FSA positions has a moderate impact on the total number of inmates in all drug treatment programs. To show a strong impact, data standards 13 require R2 > 0.50.

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## Inmates in Drug Education Program vs. Filled FSA Positions

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in the Drug Education Program. There is no trend indicating that changes in the number of filled FSA positions affect the number of inmates participating in the Drug Education Program.

## Number of Inmates in Drug Education Program vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions

| Fiscal Year | Number of Inmates in Drug Education Program | Number of Filled FSA Positions |
|---------------|---------------------------------------------|------------------------------|
| 2021          | 19,378                                        | 111                          |
| 2022          | 8,749                                         | 248                          |
| 2023          | 26,958                                        | 338                          |
| 2024          | 22,406                                        | 669                          |

14 *The correlation has an R2 value of 0.13 that the total number of filled FSA positions has no impact on the number of inmates in the Drug Education Program. To show a strong impact, data standards require R2 > 0.50.

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## Inmates in RDAP vs. Filled FSA Positions

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in RDAP. There is no trend indicating that changes in the number of filled FSA positions affect the number of inmates participating in RDAP.

## Number of Inmates in RDAP vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions

| Fiscal Year | Number of Inmates in RDAP | Number of Filled FSA Positions |
| ----------- | ----------- | ----------- |
| 2021        | 10,465      | 111        |
| 2022        | 6,640       | 248        |
| 2023        | 12,170      | 338        |
| 2024        | 12,027      | 669        |

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.22 indicating that the number of filled FSA positions has no impact on the number of inmates in RDAP. To show a strong impact, data standards require R2 > 0.50.

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## Inmates in NRDAP vs. Filled FSA Positions

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows a moderate correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the total number of inmates participating in NRDAP. As the number of filled FSA positions increases, the number of inmates participating in NRDAP tends to increase but may be influenced by additional factors.

## Number of Inmates in NRDAP vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions

| Fiscal Year | Number of Inmates in Non-Residential Drug Abuse Program | Number of Filled FSA Positions |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 13,570 | 111 |
| 2022 | 7,891 | 248 |
| 2023 | 20,993 | 338 |
| 2024 | 21,166 | 669 |

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.43 indicating that the number of filled FSA positions has a moderate impact on the number of inmates in NRDAP. To show a strong impact, data standards require R2 > 0.50.

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## Inmates in Community Treatment Program vs. Filled FSA Positions

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in the Community Treatment Program. There is no trend indicating that changes in the number of filled FSA positions affect the number of inmates participating in the Community Treatment Program.

## Number of Inmates in Community Treatment Program vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions

| Fiscal Year | Number of Inmates in Community Treatment Program | Number of Filled FSA Positions |
| ----------- | ----------- | ----------- |
| 2021 | 11,852 | 111 |
| 2022 | 4,424 | 248 |
| 2023 | 13,149 | 338 |
| 2024 | 14,944 | 669 |

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.27 indicating that the number of filled FSA positions has no impact on the number of inmates in the Community Treatment Program. To show a strong impact, data standards require R2 > 050.

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# Inmates in Medication Assisted Treatment Program vs. Filled FSA Positions

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows a strong correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in the MAT Program. As the number of filled FSA positions increases, the number of inmates participating in the MAT Program tends to increase.

Number of Inmates in MAT Program vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions

| Fiscal Year | Number of Inmates in Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) Program | Number of Filled FSA Positions |
| ----------- | ----------- | ----------- |
| 2021 | 246 | 111 |
| 2022 | 3,208 | 248 |
| 2023 | 4,936 | 338 |
| 2024 | 9,136 | 669 |


*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.98 indicating that the number of filled FSA positions has a strong impact on the number of inmates in the MAT Program. To show a strong impact, data standards require R2 > 0.50. 18

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