OF
DEPARTMENT JUSTICE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS
FEDERAL QUI PRO DOMINA BUREAU JUSTITIA OF SEQUITUR PRISONS August 2025 Inmate Participation in Drug Treatment Programs vs. Staffing Levels

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# Table of Contents

1 | Executive Summary

## Inmate Participation in Drug Treatment Programs vs. Total Number of BOP Employees

2

Including the total number of inmates in all drug treatment programs and the following individual programs: Drug Education Program, Residential Drug Abuse Program (RDAP), Non-Residential Drug Abuse Program (NRDAP), Community Treatment Program, and Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) Program.

3

## Inmate Participation in Drug Treatment Programs vs. Filled First Step Act (FSA) Positions

Including the total number of inmates in all drug treatment programs and the following individual programs: Drug Education Program, RDAP, NRDAP, Community Treatment Program, and MAT Program.

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Executive Summary

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# Executive Summary

This analysis, conducted in response to GAO Priority Recommendation 2*, examines the correlation between inmate participation in drug treatment programs and staffing levels from FY2021 to FY2024. This analysis examines (1) the correlation between inmate participation in drug treatment programs and the total number of BOP employees, and (2) the correlation between inmate participation in drug treatment programs and the number of filled FSA positions. Findings reflect correlation only and do not imply causation.

## Key Insights



## Total Number of BOP Employees

- No correlation between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in all drug treatment programs.

- No correlation between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in individual drug treatment programs.**

There is no trend indicating
that changes in the number
of BOP employees affect
inmate participation in
drug treatment programs.

# Executive Summary (cont.)

## Number of Filled FSA Positions

	- No correlation between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in the Drug Education Program, RDAP, or Community Treatment programs.

	- Moderate correlation between the number of filled FSA positions and the total number of inmates participating in all drug treatment programs.

	- Moderate correlation between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in NRDAP.

- Strong correlation between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in the MAT Program.

This indicates that increases
in filled FSA positions are
generally associated with
higher inmate participation
in certain drug treatment
programs, though other
factors may also play a role.

*GAO Priority Recommendation 2: "The Director of BOP should develop and implement a plan for analyzing data to help identify and address the causes and potential impacts of staffing challenges on staff and inmates" **Individual drug treatment programs include the following: Drug Education Program, RDAP, NRDAP, Community Treatment Program, and MAT Program.

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# Inmate Participation in Drug Treatment Programs vs. Total Number of BOP Employees

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# Total Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs vs. Total BOP Employees

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number BOP employees and the total number of inmates participating in all drug treatment programs. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the total number of inmates participating in drug treatment programs.

Total Number of Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs vs. Total Number of BOP Employees

90,000 37,500
37,312

80,000 37,000

70,000
36,500

60,000
35,940 36,000

50,000
Total Number of Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs 35,500 Total Number of BOP Employees
40,000 35,387
35,001
35,000
30,000

34,500
20,000

10,000 34,000

55,265 27,704 75,246 79,690
33,500
2021 2022 2023 2024

Fiscal Year

Total Number of Inmates in Drug Treatment Programs Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End)

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.002 indicating that the total number of BOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in drug treatment programs. To show a strong impact, data standards require R² > 0.50.

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# Inmates in Drug Education Program vs. Total BOP Employees

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number of BOP employees and the total number of inmates participating in the Drug Education Program. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the number of inmates participating in the Drug Education Program.

Number of Inmates in Drug Education Program vs. Total Number of BOP Employees

30,000 37,500

26,958
37,312
37,000
25,000

22,406
36,500

20,000 19,378 35,940
36,000

Number of Inmates in Drug Education Program 35,387 Total Number of BOP Employees
15,000 35,500

35,001

35,000
10,000
8,749

34,500

5,000
34,000

33,500
2021 2022 2023 2024

Fiscal Year

Number of Inmates in Drug Education Program Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End)

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.003 indicating that the total number of BOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in the Drug Education Program. To show a strong impact, data standards require R² > 0.50.

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# Inmates in RDAP vs. Total BOP Employees

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in RDAP. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the number of inmates participating in RDAP.

Number of Inmates in RDAP vs. Total Number of BOP Employees

14,000 37,500

37,312
12,000 12,170 12,027 37,000

10,465
36,500
10,000

35,940 36,000

8,000
Number of Inmates in RDAP Total Number of BOP Employees
35,387 35,500

6,000 6,640 35,001
35,000

4,000
34,500

2,000
34,000

33,500
2021 2022 2023 2024

Fiscal Year

Number of Inmates in Residential Drug Abuse Program ...Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End)

*The

correlation

has an R2 value of 0.004 indicating that the total number of BOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in RDAP. To show a strong impact, data standards

require

R2

>

0.50.

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# Inmates in NRDAP vs. Total BOP Employees

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in NRDAP. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the number of inmates participating in NRDAP.

Number of Inmates in NRDAP vs. Total Number of BOP Employees

25,000 37,500

37,312
20,993 21,166 37,000

20,000
36,500

35,940
36,000
15,000
13,570
Number of Inmates in NRDAP Total Number of BOP Employees
.35,387 35,500

10,000
35,000
7,891
35,001

34,500
5,000

34,000

33,500
2021 2022 2023 2024

Fiscal Year

Number of Inmates in Non-Residential Drug Abuse Program Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End)

*The

correlation

has

an

R2

value

of 0.03 indicating that the total number of BOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in the NRDAP. To show a strong impact, data standards require R² >

0.50.

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# Inmates in Community Treatment Program vs. Total BOP Employees

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in the Community Treatment Program. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the number of inmates participating in the Community Treatment Program.

Number of Inmates in Community Treatment Program vs. Total Number of BOP Employees

16,000 37,500
37,312
14,944

14,000 37,000
13,149

12,000 11,852 36,500

10,000 35,940 36,000

Number of Inmates in Community Treatment Program Total Number of BOP Employees
8,000 35,387 35,500

35,001
6,000 35,000

4,424
4,000 34,500

2,000 34,000

33,500
2021 2022 2023 2024

Fiscal Year

Number of Inmates in Community Treatment Program Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End)

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.02 indicating that the total number of BOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in the Community Treatment Program. To show a strong impact, data standards

require R20.50.

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# Inmates in MAT Program vs. Total BOP Employees

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the total number of BOP employees and the number of inmates participating in the MAT Program. There is no trend indicating that changes in the total number of BOP employees affect the number of inmates participating in the MAT Program.

Number of Inmates in MAT Program vs. Total Number of BOP Employees

10,000 37,500

9,136
9,000 37,312
37,000

8,000
36,500
7,000

35,940
36,000
6,000

Number of Inmates in MAT Program 35,387 4,936 Total Number of BOP Employees
5,000 35,500

4,000 35,001
35,000
3,208
3,000

34,500

2,000

34,000
1,000

246
33,500
2021 2022 2023 2024

Fiscal Year

Number of Inmates in Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) Program Total Number of BOP Employees (Year-End)

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.21 indicating that the total number of BOP employees has no impact on the number of inmates in the MAT Program. To show a strong impact, data standards require R² > 0.50.

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# Inmate Participation in Drug Treatment Programs vs. Filled FSA Positions

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# Total Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs vs. Filled FSA Positions

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows a moderate correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the total number of inmates participating in all drug treatment programs. As the number of filled FSA positions increases, the total number of inmates participating in all drug treatment programs tends to increase but may be influenced by additional factors.

Total Number of Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions

90,000 800

80,000 700
669

70,000
600

60,000
500

50,000
Total Number of Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs Number of Filled FSA Positions
400
40,000 338

300
30,000

248 200
20,000
111

10,000 100

55,265 27,704 75,246 79,690

2021 2022 2023 2024

Fiscal Year

Total Number of Inmates in All Drug Treatment Programs Number of Filled FSA Positions

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.39 indicating that the number of filled FSA positions has a moderate impact on the total number of inmates in all drug treatment programs. To show a strong impact, data standards require R² > 0.50.

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# Inmates in Drug Education Program vs. Filled FSA Positions

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in the Drug Education Program. There is no trend indicating that changes in the number of filled FSA positions affect the number of inmates participating in the Drug Education Program.

Number of Inmates in Drug Education Program vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions

30,000 800

669 700
25,000

600

20,000
500

Number of Inmates in Drug Education Program Number of Filled FSA Positions
15,000 400
338

248 300
10,000

200

111
5,000
100

19,378 8,749 26,958 22,406

2021 2022 2023 2024

Fiscal Year

Number of Inmates in Drug Education Program Number of Filled FSA Positions

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.13 that the total number of filled FSA positions has no impact on the number of inmates in the Drug Education Program. To show a strong impact, data standards require R² > 0.50.

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# Inmates in RDAP vs. Filled FSA Positions

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in RDAP. There is no trend indicating that changes in the number of filled FSA positions affect the number of inmates participating in RDAP.

Number of Inmates in RDAP vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions

14,000 800

700
12,000 669

600
10,000

500
8,000
Number of Inmates in RDAP 400 Number of Filled FSA Positions
338
6,000
248 300

4,000
200

111
2,000 100

10,465 6,640 12,170 12,027

2021 2022 2023 2024

Fiscal Year

Number of Inmates in RDAP Number of Filled FSA Positions

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.22 indicating that the number of filled FSA positions has no impact on the number of inmates in RDAP. To show a strong impact, data standards require R² > 0.50.

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# Inmates in NRDAP vs. Filled FSA Positions

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows a moderate correlation between the number of filled FSA positions and the total number of inmates participating in NRDAP. As the number of filled FSA positions increases, the number of inmates participating in NRDAP tends to increase but may be influenced by additional factors.

Number of Inmates in NRDAP vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions

25,000 800

700

20,000 669
600

500
15,000

Number of Inmates in NDRAP Number of Filled FSA Positions
400
338

10,000
300
248

200
5,000 111

100

13,570 7,891 20,993 21,166

2021 2022 2023 2024

Fiscal Year

Number of Inmates in Non-Residential Drug Abuse Program Number of Filled FSA Positions

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.43 indicating that the number of filled FSA positions has a moderate impact on the number of inmates in NRDAP. To show a strong impact, data standards require R² > 0.50.

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# Inmates in Community Treatment Program vs. Filled FSA Positions

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows no correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in the Community Treatment Program. There is no trend indicating that changes in the number of filled FSA positions affect the number of inmates participating in the Community Treatment Program.

Number of Inmates in Community Treatment Program vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions

16,000 800

14,000 669 700

12,000 600

10,000 500

Number of Inmates in Community Treatment Program 8,000 400 Number of Filled FSA Positions
338

6,000 248 300

4,000 200 888

111

2,000 100

11,852 4,424 13,149 14,944

2021 2022 2023 2024

Fiscal Year

Number of Inmates in Community Treatment Program ...... Number of Filled FSA Positions

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.27 indicating that the number of filled FSA positions has no impact on the number of inmates in the Community Treatment Program. To show a strong impact, data standards require R² > 0.50.

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# Inmates in Medication Assisted Treatment Program vs. Filled FSA Positions

The chart below shows data from FY2021 to FY2024. It shows a strong correlation* between the number of filled FSA positions and the number of inmates participating in the MAT Program. As the number of filled FSA positions increases, the number of inmates participating in the MAT Program tends to increase.

Number of Inmates in MAT Program vs. Number of Filled FSA Positions

10,000 800

9,000
669 700

8,000
600
7,000

500
6,000

Number of Inmates in MAT Program 5,000 400 Number of Filled FSA Positions
338
4,000
248 300

3,000
200
2,000 111

100
1,000

246 3,208 4,936 9,136

2021 2022 2023 2024

Fiscal Year

Number of Inmates in Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) Program Number of Filled FSA Positions

*The correlation has an R2 value of 0.98 indicating that the number of filled FSA positions has a strong impact on the number of inmates in the MAT Program. To show a strong impact, data standards require R² > 0.50.

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